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Vanity Fair Book Summary

A Novel without a Hero

by William Makepeace Thackeray

Vanity Fair

A Novel without a Hero

William Makepeace Thackeray

TL;DR

Vanity Fair is a satirical novel that follows the intertwined lives of Becky Sharp and Amelia Sedley amidst the backdrop of the Napoleonic Wars and English society in the early 19th century. Through their contrasting personalities and choices, Thackeray exposes the hypocrisy, social climbing, and ultimately, the vanity of those who chase wealth and status.


Table of contents

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Author & Writing Background

William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863) was a renowned English novelist of the Victorian era. He was known for his satirical works, which often critiqued the social and political norms of his time. Vanity Fair, published in 1848, remains his most famous and enduring work. Thackeray’s writing style is characterized by its wit, irony, and sharp observations of human nature.

Key Takeaways

Contrasting Characters

Becky Sharp, ambitious and cunning, uses her charm and intelligence to climb the social ladder, while Amelia Sedley, kind and naive, prioritizes love and loyalty despite facing hardships.

Social Commentary

The novel offers a scathing critique of the English class system, exposing the superficiality and hypocrisy of the upper class, and the struggles of those trapped in poverty.

Themes of Ambition and Morality

Becky’s relentless pursuit of wealth and status contrasts with Amelia’s moral compass, raising questions about the true meaning of success and happiness.

The Role of Fortune

The characters’ lives are often shaped by chance and circumstance, highlighting the unpredictable nature of fate and the fickleness of fortune.

Historical Context

The backdrop of the Napoleonic Wars and the social changes of early 19th-century England add depth and historical significance to the narrative.

Satire and Irony

Thackeray’s masterful use of satire and irony exposes the follies and vices of his characters, while also providing moments of humor and amusement.

Complex Characters

The characters are multifaceted and morally ambiguous, prompting readers to question their own judgments and perceptions.

Enduring Relevance

Despite its historical setting, the novel’s themes of ambition, social climbing, and the human condition remain relevant to contemporary society.

FAQ about Vanity Fair

Vanity Fair Quotes

  • “Vanity Fair is a very vain, wicked, foolish place, full of all sorts of humbugs and falsenesses.”
  • “Ah! Vanitas Vanitatum! Which of us is happy in this world? Which of us has his desire? or, having it, is satisfied?”
  • “I think I could be a good woman if I had five thousand a year.”